Londonderry – Co. Londonderry As A City
Londonderry – Co. Londonderry is one of the biggest cities in Ireland, second only to Dublin. It is often just called “Derry.” It spreads wide, the area being both a city in the center and then rural land out by the edges. This port city is walled all the way around with two main bridges helping to connect it to other areas nearby.
It has almost two hundred and fifty thousand people as residents, though they are not tightly compacted. Its high population derives from early history where the area was a sacred oak grove. Derry is a modern translation of the old Irish word for oak. The London part of the name came in the seventeenth century when London guilds saw the significance of Derry and forced themselves upon the town, also forcing their name.
The city walls are a huge tourist attraction. It is the only official walled city left in Ireland, since other places do not have complete walls or their walls have fallen into disrepair over time. It is one of the few places in Europe to be walled, too, and is a fine example of what a wall is supposed to do. The structure is four hundred years old and lasted completely unbreached, protecting the Irish from Scottish and English invasion and siege.
Christian focus in Ireland was centered in Londonderry. It was a good central point for a monastery to be built, allowing Christian settlers to spread out from there and convert the pagans. Though a bulk of the conversion was due to Saint Patrick, this monastery helped. Not all requests to conform were met with the same degree of acceptance.
Some other transitions which ultimately failed were the attempts to make the area a plantation in support of the English monarchy. There were countless rebel groups, full scale rebellions, and endless battles. Finally when things quieted, the town gave itself a new look and was rebuilt. For a brief time it was a refuge for other Irish citizens who were fleeing the Potato Famine, since Londonderry was not hit nearly as hard as some areas.
Local problems and small-scale wars continue in the demonstrable tensions between Catholics and Protestants. The area is mostly Catholic, which makes things tough on Protestant neighborhoods. These tensions only get stronger when one throws in the long-term struggle with unemployment.
High unemployment was present for most of the nineteenth century. Men were out of work and, oddly enough, the women were the ones getting jobs. A large factory opened and employed only women. The struggle for work continued until after the turn of the century. Many men therefore left Londonderry in search of better opportunities.
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